If the new proposal is financial, it must originate in the House and, then, passed to the Senate - never the other-way around.
Otherwise, a new law can have its beginning in committee meetings, either in the House or the
Senate. After it reaches the respective "floor," and voted on and approved, the bill is sent to "other" house, where it is reviewed and revised in committee, and presented to the floor for debate. If passed, it is sent back to the original congressional "house," where members of both the Senate and the House, work to reconcile both versions of the law. It is, then, presented for vote in each house, and, wala, you have a "law."
Since 2010 and the takeover of the House of Representatives by the GOP (thanks to the teaparty), that house has sent 160 approved bills to the Senate, for the Senate's review and process.
Harry Reid has refused to allow most of these House bills to continue the legislative process. They are sent to Senate and die on Reid's desk. As a result, the Senate is the least productive in American history. It is not the GOP holding up legislation or refusing to compromise in the "reconciliation process." It is ONLY the Senate under the "leadership" of Hapless Harry.
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You can read the official statement on the Senate's legislative process, here: http://www.senate.gov/legislative/common/briefing/Senate_legislative_process.htm
Project Vote, may have the best and comprehensive description of the legislative process: https://votesmart.org/education/how-a-bill-becomes-law#.Uw0DfONdVQA
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